Technology is having an impact in the way we publish products :: essays research papers

1     Introduction Since the time distributing was first developed quite a while prior, there have been two principle snags to survive. The first is the restricted crowd that will see the distributed material, with the second being having to every now and again update the archives. Presently with the creation of electronic distributing and the Internet, these issues have been fathomed. Distributing records electronically on the Internet permits it to be seen by a large number of individuals, and it very well may be effortlessly refreshed and posted with a word processor. The on-line distributing furor began when the Internet was running. Nonetheless, there are a few hindrances that accompany electronic distributing. Now and again it is simpler and progressively down to earth to utilize a book rather than an electronic report. When would it be a good idea for us to utilize an electronic record and when would it be a good idea for us to utilize a straightforward hard spread book? Is the data in electronic records precise? Will electronic archives assume control over the job that books play in our lives? These are the issues that must be replied. 2     Overview of electronic distributing The term "electronic publishing" covers a large number of things, which are in truth extraordinary in certain noteworthy ways. Electronic distributing is the creation, distribution and refreshing of artistic work on an electronic medium. These works can incorporate numerous sorts and organizations, for example, books, diaries, magazines, reference books, letter’s and so on. The electronic medium that they are made, transmitted and put away on can be on attractive media plates (standard 3.5-inch circle,) carefully on the Internet or on other electronic structures, for example, CD-ROM and DVD innovation. These are two of the most every now and again utilized as they can carefully store a huge number of pages of data on a smaller plate. Electronic distributing has made work simpler for many individuals around the globe as they can have a huge number of pages of data readily available. This data can be handily discovered, altered and refreshed a lot faster than traditional or ‘manual’ strategies. Electronic distributing was initially begun to have the option to refresh and alter artistic works and distributions effectively and productively. This is as yet the fundamental main thrust of electronic distributing today however now it is additionally utilized for some different reasons. In any case, electronic distributing has drawbacks and defects. A considerable measure of data that is distributed today is private or implied uniquely for a particular gathering. Numerous things, for example, security and trustworthiness of the data must be considered when an electronic archive is perused.

Trends in collective bargaining in the ukadvantages and disadvantages Essay

Patterns in aggregate haggling in the ukadvantages and detriments of workers in aggregate bartering and an appraisal of it - Essay Example These days it is by and large mostly utilized for monetary purposes and social issues. As of late there has been less unified aggregate haggling in the UK. Concerning this Fox states [Collective bargaining] has frequently been viewed as, however not by all pluralists, not just as step up representative capacity to a satisfactory estimate of that of the board, yet in addition as fortifying government social government assistance and redistribute strategies in bit by bit decreasing class distinction. (Fox, 1985:22) In the UK aggregate haggling is treated as the most valuable and proficient type of bartering which can assist the laborers with regulating their terms and states of administration in thought with ILO Convention 84. By the by, the centrality of aggregate bartering in the United Kingdom and in different pieces of the industrialized world has limited after the 1980s.Its turn down in the administration area originates from the development of Review Body game plans (Jackson, Leopold, Tuck, Katz 1995). An aggregate bartering understanding encourages the representatives to search for progress in compensation, long stretches of working and workplace. As such it is a base through which the workers can voice their requests yet these understandings at times can prompt troublesome results, for example, strikes. Anyway after the mid 1990s an impressive increment is found in the association bargains between the associations and the businesses. These understandings permit the representatives to ha ve a more noteworthy feeling of employer stability and solid situation in the organization. In UK understandings have been made so the exhibition is improved by making an opportunity in association or improving the associations with different ventures (for example Tesco and so forth). Aggregate dealing has cleared a path for the worker's organizations to rise and the worker's organizations in the ongoing years are worrying on their capacities in improving the business execution. Laborers are joining the worker's guilds due to the absence of employer stability in the organizations. Worker's guilds have acknowledged the administration offers to arrange association understandings. This new path received by them is making more individuals go along with them and is assisting the worker's organizations with getting distinguishing proof in the non association organizations. The Trade Union Congress has framed a Partnership Institute which offers direction and help to association who need t o develop great relations between associations, businesses and representatives. One such model which includes aggregate understandings is Barclays Bank and UNIFI. Strikes were caused in the firm because of the conviction of up and coming occupation misfortunes and pay debates. An understanding was reached between the administration and the workers in April 1999. The understanding came to helped the workers to land position security and subsequently helped them to improve the personal satisfaction. (Modern Relations Services Employment Trends 715, November 2000).Collective haggling is a procedure which gives the businesses or the administration to manage the issues of the representatives similarly. In the event that the general territories of interests are underscored in aggregate haggling it can assist with building up an endorsement of normal interests by the workers (Purcell, 1979). The sentiment of correspondence and general interests being satisfied will assist the laborers with being fulfilled, would diminish contradictions and make a domain of dependability inside the organization for the representatives. It can prompt equivalent compensation for all the laborers ding a similar work and this would give a social advantage. Equity is

Employee Relations Essay - 1375 Words

Employee Relations (Essay Sample) Content: Employees Relations Students NameUniversity Affiliation IntroductionEmployee relations take into consideration the body of work which is concerned with maintaining the relationships between the employer and the employees (Slater, 2003). With regard to this, employee relation influences satisfactory productivity, morale as well as motivation within the organization (Chan, 2011). This implies that employee relations plays a significant role in preventing as well as resolving problems regarding various individuals which within the workplace setting. Adequate advice to supervisors is vital when it comes to correcting the performance and also the misconduct of the employees. In addition, during employee relations, information is usually provided to all the employees in the organization (Slater, 2003). This is for the purpose of correcting poor performance and also addressing personal issues that they encounter in the cause of their duties within the organization. Bearing t his in mind employees are usually advised about the legal framework of the organization. On this, it involves well understanding of legislation, applicable regulations, and bargaining agreements. Again, employees need to know about their grievance as well as appeal rights (Massengill, 2013). Legal framework is necessary for employees in order to avoid poor relationship with their employers. With regards to this paper, it focuses on the legal frame Walmart and impacts on the organizational structure of the company. On this, it considers the employee relations in the organization. One of the main focuses is the strict policies concerning labor unions.WalmartWal-Mart is a multinational retail corporation headquartered in the United States of America (Slater, 2003). It runs large chains of discount stores as well as stores. Taking the 2013 Fortune Global 500 list, the company is the second largest public corporation in the world. In addition, the corporation is the worlds largest privat e employer. Being the largest retailer worldwide, Walmart have more than two million employees (Slater, 2003). The corporation is family owned, and the family owns over 50% of the company (Massengill, 2013).Walmart has more than 11000 stores, located in 27 countries in various parts of the world. However, the companies operate under 55 different names in many parts of the world. With regards to the United States, Walmart division here is the largest division and it accounts for about 258 billion US dollar (Kipple, Kipple Wherry, 2010). It comprises of three common places which have become well known across the United States. These include Walmart Markets, Supercentres, and Discount Stores. All these places have made the company to be able to employ many employees. Legal FrameworkLegal framework takes into consideration the regulations and policies that govern a certain jurisdiction (Massengill, 2013). Just like any other organization, Walmart has its own legal framework tha t governs the employees. This is for the purpose of making sure that the organization runs as intended.As the largest retailer and also the largest private employer all over the world, Walmart has made headlines over the past few years at unprecedented rate (Kipple et al., 2010). Most of these headlines revolve about the infamous employment practices of the organization. This is because of the legal framework of the organization with regard to its policing on employees. The company is not only criticized for its unfavorable policies on employment, but also because of its low employee retention. In addition, the organization has become a symbol of what many could describe as wrong employers (Kipple et al., 2010).Over the past few years, workers have protested against the organization because of its policies as well as business practices. These include charges of racial as well as gender discrimination. With regard to the policies of the organization, the organization does not support labor unions, and it has been against them for many years (Slater, 2003). Despite having more than 2 million, employees, the organization remain union free. This is not common for such an organization. The organization has been tough on individuals who have tried to unionize the employees. This is because the company understands the impacts of having labor unions. Due to this, Walmart has been able to manipulate the employees as without unions, the welfare of the workers is not considered (Kipple et al., 2010). Labor unions play a significant part in ensuring that the welfare of employees is taken care of. They advocate for good working environment and considerable wage (Kipple et al., 2010). In addition, labor unions usually enhance job security of which is a major concern for most employees. Taking this into consideration, Walmart does not embrace labor unions for its workers. This is because it understands the power of unions when it comes to protecting workers against malpracti ces such as discrimination and low salary.One of the main issues among employees of Walmart is scheduling. On this, employees usually have a certain number of tasks to perform during their normal working day. Just like any other typical workplaces, some tasks become complicated and hence the workers are not able to complete during the set time (Massengill, 2013). The company, however, have set strict policies when it comes to overtime and therefore, in many situations, shelves are left unstocked. The employees in the organization have been trying to form unions for the purpose of changing these policies. Only after changing these policies that the employees will find the company a conducive place to work. However, the attempt to form unions has not bore any fruits over the last many years (Griffin, 2008). This is because the organization has been keen on this issue and hence and it has taken the step of prosecuting those who try to unionize the workers. This has made many workers i ntimidated and hence making the formation difficult (Vance Scott, 2004). This implies the workers have continued to work in what they call unfavorable working environment.Despite the many strikes of employees of Walmart regarding their welfare, the company has not changed its legal frame work when it comes to formation of labor unions (Massengill, 2013). The Walton family, owners of the company, has been anti-union historically. Therefore, it has become extremely difficult reaching employees who often have the fear of retaliation from the organizational management (Twomey, 2010). ImpactsThe legal framework of Walmart had had significant impacts on employees and the company at large. Taking this into account, employees have continued to suffer under the management of the organization (Twomey, 2010). Despite the numerous strikes that the employees have initiated advocating for increase in salary and better working conditions, it has not bore any fruits (Twomey, 2010). This is because the workers do not have unions to cater for their welfare in the workplace. The strict policy regarding formation of unions deters many employees from getting involved with activity (Massengill, 2013). The few who are courageous enough ... Employee Relations Essay - 1375 Words Employee Relations (Essay Sample) Content: Employees Relations Students NameUniversity Affiliation IntroductionEmployee relations take into consideration the body of work which is concerned with maintaining the relationships between the employer and the employees (Slater, 2003). With regard to this, employee relation influences satisfactory productivity, morale as well as motivation within the organization (Chan, 2011). This implies that employee relations plays a significant role in preventing as well as resolving problems regarding various individuals which within the workplace setting. Adequate advice to supervisors is vital when it comes to correcting the performance and also the misconduct of the employees. In addition, during employee relations, information is usually provided to all the employees in the organization (Slater, 2003). This is for the purpose of correcting poor performance and also addressing personal issues that they encounter in the cause of their duties within the organization. Bearing t his in mind employees are usually advised about the legal framework of the organization. On this, it involves well understanding of legislation, applicable regulations, and bargaining agreements. Again, employees need to know about their grievance as well as appeal rights (Massengill, 2013). Legal framework is necessary for employees in order to avoid poor relationship with their employers. With regards to this paper, it focuses on the legal frame Walmart and impacts on the organizational structure of the company. On this, it considers the employee relations in the organization. One of the main focuses is the strict policies concerning labor unions.WalmartWal-Mart is a multinational retail corporation headquartered in the United States of America (Slater, 2003). It runs large chains of discount stores as well as stores. Taking the 2013 Fortune Global 500 list, the company is the second largest public corporation in the world. In addition, the corporation is the worlds largest privat e employer. Being the largest retailer worldwide, Walmart have more than two million employees (Slater, 2003). The corporation is family owned, and the family owns over 50% of the company (Massengill, 2013).Walmart has more than 11000 stores, located in 27 countries in various parts of the world. However, the companies operate under 55 different names in many parts of the world. With regards to the United States, Walmart division here is the largest division and it accounts for about 258 billion US dollar (Kipple, Kipple Wherry, 2010). It comprises of three common places which have become well known across the United States. These include Walmart Markets, Supercentres, and Discount Stores. All these places have made the company to be able to employ many employees. Legal FrameworkLegal framework takes into consideration the regulations and policies that govern a certain jurisdiction (Massengill, 2013). Just like any other organization, Walmart has its own legal framework tha t governs the employees. This is for the purpose of making sure that the organization runs as intended.As the largest retailer and also the largest private employer all over the world, Walmart has made headlines over the past few years at unprecedented rate (Kipple et al., 2010). Most of these headlines revolve about the infamous employment practices of the organization. This is because of the legal framework of the organization with regard to its policing on employees. The company is not only criticized for its unfavorable policies on employment, but also because of its low employee retention. In addition, the organization has become a symbol of what many could describe as wrong employers (Kipple et al., 2010).Over the past few years, workers have protested against the organization because of its policies as well as business practices. These include charges of racial as well as gender discrimination. With regard to the policies of the organization, the organization does not support labor unions, and it has been against them for many years (Slater, 2003). Despite having more than 2 million, employees, the organization remain union free. This is not common for such an organization. The organization has been tough on individuals who have tried to unionize the employees. This is because the company understands the impacts of having labor unions. Due to this, Walmart has been able to manipulate the employees as without unions, the welfare of the workers is not considered (Kipple et al., 2010). Labor unions play a significant part in ensuring that the welfare of employees is taken care of. They advocate for good working environment and considerable wage (Kipple et al., 2010). In addition, labor unions usually enhance job security of which is a major concern for most employees. Taking this into consideration, Walmart does not embrace labor unions for its workers. This is because it understands the power of unions when it comes to protecting workers against malpracti ces such as discrimination and low salary.One of the main issues among employees of Walmart is scheduling. On this, employees usually have a certain number of tasks to perform during their normal working day. Just like any other typical workplaces, some tasks become complicated and hence the workers are not able to complete during the set time (Massengill, 2013). The company, however, have set strict policies when it comes to overtime and therefore, in many situations, shelves are left unstocked. The employees in the organization have been trying to form unions for the purpose of changing these policies. Only after changing these policies that the employees will find the company a conducive place to work. However, the attempt to form unions has not bore any fruits over the last many years (Griffin, 2008). This is because the organization has been keen on this issue and hence and it has taken the step of prosecuting those who try to unionize the workers. This has made many workers i ntimidated and hence making the formation difficult (Vance Scott, 2004). This implies the workers have continued to work in what they call unfavorable working environment.Despite the many strikes of employees of Walmart regarding their welfare, the company has not changed its legal frame work when it comes to formation of labor unions (Massengill, 2013). The Walton family, owners of the company, has been anti-union historically. Therefore, it has become extremely difficult reaching employees who often have the fear of retaliation from the organizational management (Twomey, 2010). ImpactsThe legal framework of Walmart had had significant impacts on employees and the company at large. Taking this into account, employees have continued to suffer under the management of the organization (Twomey, 2010). Despite the numerous strikes that the employees have initiated advocating for increase in salary and better working conditions, it has not bore any fruits (Twomey, 2010). This is because the workers do not have unions to cater for their welfare in the workplace. The strict policy regarding formation of unions deters many employees from getting involved with activity (Massengill, 2013). The few who are courageous enough ...

Beowulf Character Analysis - 999 Words

Most teachers emphasize that a well-written character in a story should be deep, believable, and human, with flaws and personality. Then, say that Beowulf, a poem about a man who is as deep as a sheet of paper, is a masterpiece. While the poem Beowulf is one of the most important and influential pieces of literature in the world, Beowulf himself is a poorly written character when compared to characters of today’s standards. Beowulf is originally a Scandinavian story from a period before written records. It recounts the adventures of the brave and honorable Beowulf as he kills various monsters. Though, to get a feel for his character, all that s needed to know is that at some point he chokeslams a demon. The bottom line is, Beowulf has the†¦show more content†¦If criminals are not immediate threats, they ll be let go. Beowulf follows a similar code. He says to Unferth, â€Å"You murdered your brothers, Your own close kin. Words and bright wit/ Won’t help your soul.† (320-323.) Beowulf would not harm anyone unless they would harm innocents. They are also both committed to battling corruption. Beowulf travels many miles from home to aid Hrothgar and fight Grendel. Beowulf knows his heroic duty calls him to protect the people of Daneland, even if they aren t his. Batman feels it’s his responsibility to fight evil in Gotham. He battles criminals regularly and ultimately ends the Joker s reign. Batman is not threatened by these enemies, but the people of Gotham are, and thus he fights for them. Batman and Beowulf bear the burden of heroic responsibility well. Beowulf and Batman are textbook heroes and thus have similar qualities, but they have differences as well. It is in these differences that the depth of character that Batman has over Beowulf can be seen. Batman is a man of ordinary physical accomplishments, who overcomes his enemies through access to technology and physical conditioning they do not have. His success is attributed to skill and insight into the criminal mind. He is called to do good deeds by the needs of others. He is also driven by a desire for revenge on those who killed his parents. â€Å"Geats used to say that he has in his handgrip the strength of thirty men. (32) Beowulf isShow MoreRelatedBeowulf Character Analysis885 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyzing and reading the text in Beowulf, I realized that Beowulf himself is a leader and a hero in the text also he plays a big role as the protagonist being a hero for saving his kingdom against monsters and mortal enemies but exactly how does it make him a greater hero tha n the average hero? In the text Beowulf’s uncle which is Hygelac was said to be a great ruler and it is evident that this is Beowulf’s role model and hero and as the story goes on. As a character Beowulf encounters with great monstersRead MoreBeowulf Character Analysis942 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Motivator (An analysis of Beowulf’s Motivations) Are everyones motivations to become a hero pure? This question can be hard to answer depending on the hero. Spidermans motivations for saving an innocent child were pure, but what about people suffering from hero syndrome? A syndrome, that has become a recent phenomenon. This syndrome makes people seek heroism or recognition by creating desperate situations that they resolve in order to become a hero. As common as this syndrome is todayRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Beowulf900 Words   |  4 PagesThe main character in the epic poem â€Å"Beowulf† is Beowulf. An epic hero is one that has superhuman qualities and who beholds values of his society and is braver than life. â€Å"Epics are stories told on a grand scale, with armies, heroes, gods, and the brutal forces of nature depicted over long character arcs and sweeping landscapes.† (Rebecca Ray 1) Beowulf is a selfless warrior that puts the kingdom of Herot first and tries to rid evil for the people. Beowulf wanted to help his kingdom. The evilRead MoreBeowulf Character Analysis801 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf is an ancient English poem that tells the tale of a young, brave warrior and the victories he obtains throughout his lifetime, up until his death. He is widely regarded as a hero throughout the lands and honorably puts his life on the line multiple times. Throughout the poem, Beowulf’s reasoning for being a hero changes. He begins his journey wanting to be a protector of people, a savior of humankind, but as the poem progresses, there is a distinct change in motivation for Beowulf, becomingRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Beowulf1128 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"good† people. The â€Å"good† people referring to the average mix of people, the athletes, the overachievers, the mean people, the bystanders, the regular people, and the hero. In Beowulf, there’s much more backstory to Grendel and why he is portrayed as, and most possibly has become, evi l. Grendel’s character is similar to the characters Jinenji, Magneto, and the Grinch, during the different stages of his life before he is slain. That is not denying that Grendel hasn’t taken advantage of his abilities forRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Beowulf1990 Words   |  8 Pagesto evolve different aspects of our lives. In Beowulf, our epic hero, Beowulf, experiences a significant change of character; he begins as a humble warrior, and develops into a well-respected and powerful king. However, previous kings, such as King Hrothgar, rose to the throne due to their noble statuses in addition to the standardized succession of power in early British history. The stark contrast between these two notable kings remains that Beowulf first played the role as a valuable and principleRead MoreBeowulf And Hamlet Character Analysis1224 Words   |  5 PagesWhen lining the characters Beowulf and Hamlet side by side many will not see the parallels of these characters instead, only the differences. At a first glance, we see Beowulf, the powerful warrior who died whilst defeating three gruesome monsters, then Hamlet, the problematic and fearful prince who died trying to fulfill a foolish act of hatred. Ultimately, we view them as hero Read MoreBeowulf And Hamlet Character Analysis1228 Words   |  5 PagesWhen lining the characters Beowulf and Hamlet side by side many will not see the parallels of these characters instead, only the differences. At a first glance, we see Beowulf, the strong warrior who died whilst defeating three gruesome monsters, then Hamlet, the awkward and fearful prince who died trying to fulfill a foolish act of hatred. Ultimately, we view them as hero and anti-hero. However, we must not judge each character on who they are at the surface. Instead, we must see and understandRead MoreThe Odyssey And Beowulf : Character Analysis1642 Words   |  7 Pagesway to clearly mark certain behaviors as poor social etiquette. Through the use of extreme behavior that identifies a character as immoral, other behaviors that are exhibited are reinforced as distasteful and frowned upon by the society and culture. Without explicitly stating the rules, people are shown the correct and incorrect behaviors. Within The Odyssey and Beowulf, two characters clearly violate social norms by invading spaces that no one invited them into. The suitors and Grendel both demonstrateRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Beowulf As An Epic Hero765 Words   |  4 Pagesthe central figure who has superior qualities and risks personal danger to pursue a quest. Beowulf is a great epic hero because he performs many brave deeds such as risking his life for the greater good of society, and is significant and glorified by all people. Beowulf boasts and boasts about all of his great doings, but in the end he proves to everyone that h e is as great as he claims to be. First, Beowulf shows that he will do anything for the fame, glory, and the greater good of society. He risks

The Effects Of Global Warming On Earth - 882 Words

Global warming is an increase in the overall temperature of earth atmosphere. Earth s climate is changing, temperatures are rising, snow and rainfall are shifting, and more extreme climate like heavy rainstorms and high temperatures are already affecting the society and economy. Scientists are confident that many of the observed changes are happening because of the global warming. Warming and climate are changing and increasing every year. The main Cause are by people burning fuels to generate electricity, heat and cool buildings, and power vehicles. Many cause and effects are happening in the world because of the global warming in the whole environment. Frist, most scientists agree that the main cause of the current global warming is from burning fuels on earth. One of the main sources of air pollution is burning fossil fuels like oil, gasoline, and coal. These fossil fuels come from the fossils of ancient plants and animals that lived on earth millions of years ago. Fossil fuels are burned to create energy so that we can drive cars and trucks, fly planes, make electricity, and run factories. However fossil fuels will not last forever, and we are using them up very quickly. Over the last century the burning of fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide CO2. Although, this happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2. The large cities such as Shanghai in china now hasShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Global Warming On Earth1577 Words   |  7 PagesTo sustain life on earth, the earth temperature must be maintain at a very delicate figure. B ut what if the unthinkable happens? What if the earth’s temperature was to increase by a just mere half a degree, maybe a full or even two or three, the effects could be devastating to the environment, to me and to you. Unfortunately we may have the opportunity to see the effects of the earth temperature rising a few degrees in this lifetime. According to scientist, for hundreds of thousands of years, a phenomenonRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Earth927 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal-Warming Mother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We,as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorded by carbon dixide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorb thermal radiation emmited by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface some of it goes back out into spaceRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth901 Words   |  4 Pages What is Global Warming? Countless feel as if it is a natural phenomenon that the Earth cycles through. They are terribly mistaken. It is the effect of greenhouse gasses that are emitted by the machines we use today. These gasses are becoming trapped in the earth’s atmosphere, causing the temperature to rise. The effects of global warming are all around us and are becoming more prominent. There are already efforts in place to stop it and programs to â€Å"go green†. This climate change is a serious threatRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth992 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Earth. Global warming is a problem that some people choose to ignore. They claim it doesn’t exist. Global warming is real. It is time for people to stop ignoring it and start finding a solution. What is global warming? Global warming is the result of certain gases building up in the atmosphere that block heat from escaping. These gases are causing a temperature rise in the Earth’s atmosphere and causing climate change. The rise in the Earth’s temperature has had many effects on the Earth itselfRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On Earth1612 Words   |  7 PagesName: Course: Title: Global Warming Introduction For over a hundred years, humans have understood the possibility of atmospheric warming due to anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. As early as 1896, Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius predicted that a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise average global temperatures by 4.95 degrees C (9.0 degrees Fahrenheit) (Valente, 1995). The greenhouse effect, a natural phenomenon that has allowed the development of life on earth, is thought by manyRead MoreThe Effects of Global Warming on the Earth990 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Warming Earth’s temperature is a vital aspect to Earth and its surroundings. The atmospheric temperature along with natural gases is the significant reasons why Earth inhabits all of its life. When there are changes that alter the natural affects of Earth’s environment there are factors that places the environment at risk. Increase warming of global temperatures account as a major concern of Earth’s surroundings. Global warming is a prominent source to consider how and why the environmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesSave the Earth The Earth is slowly dying and we can save it, however, it requires some initiative. Global warming, or climate change, is a very real problem that may soon wipe out the Earth’s resources. Some of which include necessary items such as natural foods and water. This problem doesn’t just happen in some third-world country no one has heard of. This is happening right in our own back yards. This problem has a very simple solution: conserve energy, cut down on Carbon Dioxide emissionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is an increase in the earth’s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in the climate and the may result from the greenhouse effect. Many people do not believe that this is true. There are multiple studies that provide information to prove global warming is factual. As the years go by, the more damage is being done to our atmosphere and it is affecting the earth. It i s not hard to believe that global warming affects the earth so negatively by the drastic changeRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth901 Words   |  4 PagesInconvenient â€Å"by Al Gore. In this video Gore is explaining about how the earth has became hotter than it ever has before. The ten hottest years we have ever had have been in the last fourteen years. According to the video the hottest year was in 2005. From Gore’s viewpoint we as the people are causing global warming by ourselves. Because we are the ones that are causing global warming it is having some major effects on the earth. You have Mt. Kilimanjaro, which over the years has had a lot of snow onRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Earth2122 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is global warming and what is the proof that it exists? The topic of whether global warming is real and what the consequences it may have has been heavily debated for quite some time now. The reason why it has been debated f or such an extended amount of time is because there are still unknowns to confirm that global warming is a true threat to the earth. Many people do not believe in global warming because they truly do not know the basic concept of global warming. There are missing pieces to

Resources For Earthquakes Essay Example For Students

Resources For Earthquakes Essay Word Count: 1917EARTH QUAKE REFERENCE FILES EARTHQUAKE REFERENCE FILES Earthquake, shaking of the earths surface caused byrapid movement of the earths rocky outer layer.occur when energy stored withinthe earth, usually in the form of strain in rocks, suddenly releases. This energy is transmitted tothe surface of the earth by earthquake waves. The study of earthquakes and the waves they createis called seismology. Scientists who study earthquakes are called seismologists. (Webstersp.423) The destruction an earthquake causes, depends on its magnitude or the amount of shakingthat occurs. The size varies from small imperceptible shaking, to large shocks felt miles around. Earthquakes can tear up the ground, make buildings and other structures collapse, and createtsunamis (large sea waves). Many Lives can be lost because of this destruction. (The Road toJaramillo p.211) Several hundred earthquakes, or seismic tremors, occur per day around theworld. A worldwide network of seismographs detect about one million small earthquakes peryear. Very large earthquakes, such as the 1964 Alaskan earthquake, which measured 8.6 on theRichter scale and caused millions of dollars in damage, occur worldwide once every few years. Moderate earthquakes, such as the 1989 tremor in Loma Prieta, California (magnitude 7.0), andthe 1995 tremor in Kobe, Japan (magnitude 6.8), occur about 20 times a year. Moderateearthquakes also cause millions of dollars in damage and can harm many people. (The Road toJaramillo p.213-215) In the last 500 years, several million people have been killed byearthquakes around the world, including over 240,000 in the 1976 Tang-Shan, China,earthquake. Worldwide, earthquakes have also caused severe property and structural damage. Good precautions, such as education, emergency planning, and constructing stronger, moreflexible structures, can limit the loss of life and decrease the damage caused by earthquakes. (TheRoad to Jaramillo p.213-215,263) AN EARTHQUAKES ANATOMY Seismologists examinethe parts of an earthquake, like what happens to the earths surface during an earthquake, how theenergy of an earthquake moves from inside the earth to the surface, and how this energy causesdamage. By studying the different parts and actions of earthquakes, seismologists learn moreabout their effects and how to predict ground shaking in order to reduce damage. (On ShiftingGround p.109-110) Focus and Epicenter The point within the earth along the rupturinggeological fault where an earthquake originates is called the focus, or hypocenter. The point onthe earths surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter. Earthquake waves begin toradiate out from the focus and follow along the fault rupture. If the focus is near the surfacebetween 0 and 70 km (0 and 40 mi.) deep shallow focus earthquakes are produced. If it is deepbelow the crust between 70 and 700 km (40 and 400 mi.) deep a deep focus earthquake willoccur. Shallow-focus earthquakes tend to be larger, and therefore more damaging, earthquakes. This is because they are closer to the surface where the rocks are stronger and build up morestrain. (The Ocean of Truth p.76 The road to Jaramillo p.94-97) Seismologists know fromobservations that most earthquakes originate as shallow-focus earthquakes and most of themoccur near plate boundaries areas where the earths crustal plates move against each other. Otherearthquakes, including deep-focus earthquakes, can originate in subduction zones, where onetectonic plate subducts, or moves under another plate. (The Ocean of Truth p.54-56) I FaultsStress in the earths crust creates faults places where rocks have moved and can slip, resulting inearthquakes. The properties of an earthquake depend strongly on the type of fault slip, ormovement along the fault, that causes the earthquake. Geologists categorize faults according tothe direction of the fault slip. The surface between the two sides of a fault lies in a plane, and thedirection of the plane is usually not vertical; rather it dips at an angle into the earth. When therock hanging over the dipping fault plane slips downward into the ground, the fault is called anormal fault. When the hanging wall slips upward in relation to the bottom wall, the fault iscalled a reverse fault or a thrust fault. Both normal and reverse faults produce verticaldisplacements, or the upward movement of one side of the fault above the other side, that appearat the surface as fault scarps. Strike slip faults are another type of fault that produce horizontaldisplacements, or the side by side sliding movement of the fault, such as

Types of conflict Essays - Dispute Resolution, Negotiation

Conflict Management In Negotiations Conflict Management In The Negotiation Process Conflict Management in the Negotiation Process Conflict is an expressed struggle between two or more interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from others in achieving their goals (Wilmot, 1998, pg.34). It would seem strange to have a conflict within a conflict, wouldn't it? The whole negotiation process is in existence because of some sort of disagreement or conflict, and aside from the actual act of the negotiation, I want to discuss some of the behind the scenes conflict that can exist. Since people do the negotiating, it us understood that the people can act or behave in ways that can either make the process function or render it dysfunctional. There are three different types of outside conflict during the negotiation process I will discuss: task/person conflict, content/relationship conflict, and conflict as a constructive/positive force. Task/Person Conflict If a team is negotiating against another team, there may be conflict within the team. We experienced this in our class simulation when the spokesperson for management kept making things up, this upset his team because they didn't know where he would end up with his comments. Also, what he said didn't always coincide with what his group had decided to do during meetings and caucuses. Task conflict in team decision-making refers to the disagreements about work to be done. This includ...

How To Get Your Professor’s Help Finding a Job

How To Get Your Professor’s Help Finding a Job Networking is everything, right? But what if you’re only just out of college- or perhaps still in college. Who do you have to network with? Keep in mind you may be forgetting a valuable resource: your professors. They know better than anyone about your skills and performance, and they have professional contacts galore. They’re also generous! And if they know you very well as a student, they’d probably be more than happy to help steer you towards success.Sound great? It is. But it’s not that easy. There are a few things you’ll have to do in order for a professor to be willing to vouch for you like that. Here are a few steps you can start with to earn their favor.1. Do the work.It sounds very simple, and it is. But you have to put in the effort. Show up to class. Do the work, and do it well. Speak up in class. Stay engaged. Turn up to office hours. Do your best, humbly accept criticism, and improve. Showing you can learn from mistakes and act respectf ully and grow sets you up very well, indeed.2. Get some face time.You’ll need to have a relationship with your professor if they’re going to put their name on the line for you. Send out a beginning-of-the-semester hello email introducing yourself. This will help you stand out early on, especially if you back it up by attending office hours at least semi-regularly. You’ll set yourself up well to be on the radar when you need to ask a favor.3. Be helpful to get help.Offer to help with your professor’s clinical trial or big research project. You might have to start small as you build experience, but eventually you’ll learn a ton and gain their trust and respect. And that way when you ask for help, it won’t be entirely one-sided.4. Ask for a recommendation letter.A recommendation letter is a great gateway to other kinds of career help. You’ll definitely need references in your first flurries of job applications. Trying to find your first job can be daunting and confusing, and a letter from your professor can really help make all the difference.5. Seek informational interviews.You can also ask your professor for help setting you up with their professional contacts for informational interviews to get a sense of what working in a particular industry will be like. Asking for referrals to contacts and introductions is a smaller leap than asking for help finding a job. And if you make them proud you’ll be well-placed to ask them for the bigger stuff later on.6. Get help with your resume.The last step on the way to actually asking for job help is to ask for help preparing your job application package. No one knows better than your professor, a professional in their field, what would be most advantageous on a resume. Swing by those office hours again and ask for tips. Don’t show up with a blank page and expect them to write it for you. Do put a lot of work, and thought into your materials and ask just for enou gh help to polish up the details.

A Description of the Attributes a Presidential Candidate Should Have Essay Example for Free

A Description of the Attributes a Presidential Candidate Should Have Essay ? The American President represents much more than an institution. To people around the world he is representative of their hopes and fears for the future and is the focus of intense feelings and emotions. The voting process represents an extremely significant period in American politics where US citizens vote for their President. Their votes are reflective not only of the candidate they like and respect the most, but are also an indication of the person that they predict will be the most effective once in office. Despite this, their decisions are based on the candidate’s performance prior to, and during, the election process. This performance that may not necessarily be a good indication of their actual ability to run the country; the qualities needed to become a President are very different from those required to be a successful President once in office. This paper will address the attributes that are commonly cited as being necessary for someone to become a President and will dispute a number of these, offering the opinion that they are not necessarily the correct basis on which judgments should be made. The skills and methods by which an elective may become a President are explored and will be compared to those that are actually required and valued once in office. In the United States the absence of a monarchy entails that the President often becomes the object for nationalistic or monarchical type sentiments that people in countries like England would direct at their Queen. The President is undoubtedly the most important figure in the US and holds several roles including Chief Executive, Commander in Chief, Head of the National Party and Chief Legislator. However, like the Queen in England, his supreme court have opposing powers to him and thus limit his ability to carry out some of his roles. Many people recognize one of the most important attributes for a Presidential candidate to be is a good, strong decision maker with a clear vision and direction. Candidates often use the election process to discuss problems that are evident in the way in which the country is currently being run and make willful claims as to how they would do things differently. They swear that they will have the backbone to take decisions that Presidents before them have failed to take. These type of statements appeal to the American public as they provide hope for a better future and an expectation that things will change for the better. The truth, however, is very different. Congressmen have their own electorate, interest groups and opinions on how the country should be run. The President is actually very limited in his ability to command congress to do anything and thus, the implementation of his decisions is actually a very difficult thing to achieve. What is, perhaps, more important than an ability to make decisions is an ability to persuade and influence others. If you ask people if they would vote for someone who uses strong powers of persuasion to sway their vote they would probably say no, they would prefer to vote for some who have a strong direction and vision. They wouldn’t like to feel that clever vocabulary or some type of sales approach has influenced them. No, they prefer to consider themselves people who have made a good decision based on the facts. The truth, however, that they probably were persuaded and swayed during part of the election process. This is not such a bad thing. The ability to persuade others is crucial to a successful President as he needs to be capable, through whatever means necessary, to convince others to carry out the decisions he makes. It is therefore clear that, whilst a clear vision and direction is important, what is more important both in gaining the role and completing it successfully is an ability to persuade and influence. The person who manages to influence others will do the better job, once in power it will help him get things done and in becoming President it will help him win. A further attribute that the American public will look for when selecting a Presidential candidate is a consistency of purpose. People want a President who will have courage to commit to their course of action and achieve the plans they lay out during the electoral process. However, again this may not be an attribute that delivers success once a candidate is in power and we often see very different expectations of the President. President George Bush can be cited as a prime example of this. George Bush was clear and strong in his plan to rid Iraq of Saddam Hussain, so much so that he took the United States to war. However, he later faced a great deal of criticism for his actions and many camps argue that he should have admitted he was wrong and should withdraw US troops from the US. His commitment to action was no longer valued. This paper is not intended to debate this point and pass judgment on George Bush’s actions but is using this example to show that the attributes that people may look for when selecting a President; consistency and relentless purpose may not always be what they expect once they are in power. An attribute that features heavily in people’s decision when selecting a President is realism, they like a family man whose values and emotions may seem to reflect their own. They want to feel that their President, as much as possible, has the same feelings and fears that they do and will thus act in a way that is in their interests. Whether appropriate or not, the past and present personal life of a Presidential candidate features heavily during the election process and people look for someone who has lived their life in a good and true manner. Whilst such attributes provide an indication of a person’s character and may be seen to represent the way in which they will behave once they are in power, they are not necessarily what people look for once their President are in power. They are more concerned with a person’s ability to cut themselves off emotionally from any decisions they make, distancing themselves from a situation in order to look at a bigger picture. The phrase â€Å"don’t mix business with pleasure† could not be more appropriate for a President in power. Once in the Whitehouse people consider the figurehead to be an American institution; he works for them. Personal life is no longer to be considered to be of relevance and, in many respects; they do not wish a President to show feelings as these can be construed as a weakness. Other commonly cited attributes that people discuss when they are asked what they look for in a President include honesty, integrity, leadership and intelligence. These types of attributes entail that the opinions people form of candidates prior to their election, and thus the benchmark against which they are judged once they are elected, can never be met; they are all extremely subjective values. A candidate who is elected as a new President, a replacement for the incumbent, will always be heralded as the next big thing. The nation will feel strong hope for the future of America and will truly believe that things will change for the better. However, the likelihood is that these expectations can never really be met. Time will change the position that the President occupies in people’s minds; what people perceive as good leadership now will almost certainly change over the course of the four years between elections. As such, these attributes cannot accurately be used as representations of how well a candidate will perform once in office. This paper has addressed a number of the common attributes that people cite as important within a Presidential candidate. Through exploring the difference between winning an election and actually running a country, the flawed nature of the factors upon which many votes are cast is revealed. Whilst people recognize they are voting for someone who will run their country, they rarely seem to consider the attributes that will be valued in this role, instead focusing on those required to get there. Fighting a Presidential campaign is very different from being a President. Along these lines more emphasis should be placed on attributes such as attention to military threats and needs, the economy and American interests, both at home and abroad. A Description of the Attributes a Presidential Candidate Should Have. (2016, Nov 01).

Rise of the Strategic Bomber Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rise of the Strategic Bomber - Research Paper Example It had the capacity to destroy even the cities, harbors and other industries. It was strong enough to completely destroy the target area. When compared to a normal bomber, strategic bomber had the ability to transform the fertile place to a place where no habitat can exist. Strategic bombers were larger aircrafts which carried more bombs and weapons. The smaller fighter planes and jet bombers carried only the normal bombs that could move away the enemies. Strategic bombers were invented to destroy the enemies. They were specially designed aircrafts that were used by almost all the countries during the war period. (Quanback, 1976).The severity of World War led to the development of such machines. Bombers were the important component of any country’s military troop. (Boot, 2006). They satisfied the requisites of the military troops and hence they became an essential part of any war. Since then the strategic bombers have gone through tremendous improvement and it has spread to almost all the countries. The First World War led to the invention of these bombers since the soldiers alone could not manage in the war front. A special machine that could control the enemies was in need of the hour. Most of the European and Russian countries made use of the se bombers. Iraq was one of the countries which faced several attacks from the American nation. (MacIssac, 1976). These countries made the best use of such strategic bombers which in turn contributed to the development of these aircrafts. Post First World War, the bombers went through a drastic improvement. Till then the bombers were simple aircraft which carried bombs. These aircrafts were smaller in size and carried only a limited number of bombs. The engineers then designed aircrafts that carried more number of bombs and the size of the aircraft was considerably bigger. Cold war affected the development of these strategic bombers. During the beginning of Cold

Human Nature or Affirmative Action Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Human Nature or Affirmative Action - Assignment Example In all their activities they engage in, the human kind engage in activities that are geared towards achieving their individual targets but also, they at the back of their minds bear the ideology that this should not infringe of their neighbors peace and existence. This explains the existence of treaties and protocols, the peace deals and the different national and international organizations, groups and societies that exist in an effort of human kind to work together towards the achievement of their common goals at the different levels. The egalitarian belief will be used in subsequent arguments for my view which supports moral rights to euthanasia, in order to protect the innocent from unnecessary suffering. Libertarianism will also be incorporated due to its notion that anything done among adults with their consent is morally allowable and so is its stance against paternalism. On top of this, principles that are related to prima facie or that are prima facie of the actual beneficen ce and normal evidence will be used, mostly the well known kindness virtue in normal perfectionism. This kindness virtue is very well known to many people, and those who know its importance regularly display or use it. Then, I will persistently try to employ the use of utilitarianism also. 2A. As opposed to the simple-minded historical relativism which is traceable to Hegel’s influence, the deficiency when it comes to moral philosophy that combines consistency in theory and fidelity to known facts regarding human nature does not really change; this is because the problems have relatively remained the same in the changing social conditions. Blind alleys have revealed both the past theories and their critics; therefore it is possible to be on the past moral philosopher’s shoulders while trying to come nearer to both the facts of human nature and the new social conditions. Although one could sit in the same room with great mind in this field such as Plato, Montaigne, Hobb es, Aristotle and Adam Smith just to mention a few, one can read a paper regarding procedural justice to these brilliant minds. In the proceeding discussion, it is evident that those present were deliberating on the same subject and that it was certain that this was not a subject sustainable only by the syllabus used in a university. The underpinnings and origins of justice is what the discussion is likely to touch on, that is of the universal and usual elements present in justice, and the private to public relation of morality (Hampshire 157). 2B. I agree with this statement. 2C. Human nature naturally exists and this is the ability of a human being to make a perception about something. I believe it is a biological element that exists between us and gives us a way to go about different events and activities in life. It is our human nature that enables us to respect the virtues that are there to guide us on how we go about our daily activities. The virtues like honesty, loyalty and many others are guided by our human nature. We are able to forgive ourselves and others because of our human nature (Aristotle 14). Our responses to tasks and activities portray our human nature like when we are sad, we cry, when we are hungry, we look for food and eat and many other activities. Our ability to choose who to love and who to hate and the fact that we make this choices based on reasons and conviction from within us proves to us that human

Alternative Energy Vehicles Essay example -- Exploratory Essays Resear

Alternative Energy Vehicles Interested in alternative-energy driven cars? Here is a brief synopsis of the existing technologies, some of the problems surrounding each of them, and suggestions for further reading. There is no question that pollution from automobiles is a major problem in industrialized countries and is increasing in developing nations. And the number of cars is increasingly rapidly: in the United States, the automobile population has increased 6X faster than the human population and 2X faster than the number of new drivers (Motavelli, 2000). At the same time, the average fuel economy of the 2001 fleet decreased to 20.4 miles per gallon, the same it was in 1980. This decrease is fueled by the growing trend in inefficient SUVs. As over 50% of the USA’s oil comes from overseas, the dangerous level of waste promoted by inefficient vehicles makes this more than simply an environmental issue. What are some of the long-term renewable solutions to the political and environmental dangers that pollution and inefficiency pose? Battery-powered vehicles. There are several electric car models on the market in the making. As of now, their economic viability is restrained by the relatively short distance that can be traveled between recharging and their lower-than-average maximum speeds. Considering the advantages that standard cars have over battery-powered cars, there is little economic incentive to buy battery-powered cars, but their environmental benefits are enormous. Although it requires factory pollution to create the electricity necessary to charge the vehicles, it would take 13 electrical cars to equal the emissions produced by one standard car (Motavelli, 2000). Research is continuing to make battery-pow... ...t cars. Suggestions for further readings: Borroni-Bird, Christopher E. Designing AUTOnomy. http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=00034FE5-BA99-1D80-90FB809EC580000. 2002. California Air Resources Board. Major Automotive Fuel Cell Programs http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/fuelcell/kalhammer/techreport/sec3_3.pdf. 2002 Fantes, Francisco. Solar Hydrogen Energy: Mining the Oceans for the Holy Grail. Harvard Science Review, winter 2002. Hubler, Shawn, Chalk One Up for Hybrids. Http://www.calendarlive.com/printedition/calendar/cl_et_hubler26mar26.story. 2002. Motavelli, Jim. Forward Drive : The Race to Build â€Å"Clean† Cars for the Future. San Francisco : Sierra Club Books, 2000 Nice, Karim. How Hybrid Cars Work. http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid_car.htm 2002. Sierra Club, Energy Fact Sheet. Http://www.sieraclub.org/energy/factsheet.asp 2001

A modern version of Shakespeare’s original play Essay

Baz Luhzmans â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† was produced in 1997 the film is a modern version of Shakespeare’s original play. This essay will analyse the techniques used, the effect the opening and its successes on a modern audience. The film opens in an unconventional, modern way in order to catch the attention of the audience, for example in the starting scene a T. V screen moves towards us (the audience) and at the same time it expands till it actually covers the whole screen. The effect this has on audience is into a serious and concerning mood. I was also very impressed how the director modernized the scene. I believe what the director was trying to do was to stay faithful to the Shakespeare original play, so in other words he didn’t change the scene or the play but he showed every aspect of the play in a way so that the audience could relate to this scene, for example the director uses a News caster to read out the prologue, while Shakespeare original play used a narrator to read out the prologue. The director headlines in magazines, newspapers and forecast to show key words in the prologue, for example in the News forecast they have a caption which is â€Å"Star crossed lovers†. The Characters are portrayed in an interesting and contrasting manner. For example the Montague’s are portrayed as childish, humorous, unorganized and this characteristics is believed to be a stereotype of adolescents, so that the audience can relate to this characters and the lifestyles of the characters, what the director also does is he makes the addressees relate to the Montague’s in order to gain the audience sympathy for the Montague’s. While the Capulet’s are shown as mature, more organized, they are dressed in suits and also the Capulet’s characters display consistent behavior, they are always enraged, always ready to do battle and always out for blood, and this characteristics is also another typical stereotype but only this time this characters are portrayed as the Mafia. The director portrays them as evil and insincerity because they wear religious items while they live Sinful lives. The effect that the contradiction of the Montagues and Capulets has on the audience is it makes the audience realise that there will be conflict. The director portrays Montague’s as humorous so this makes the audience laugh and he shows the Capulet’s as powerful evil hypocrites so this makes the audience more or less despite them, as they are the villains of the play. The setting is carefully chosen to show rage and anger for example the scene at the petrol station conflict happens, petrol station symbolises fire and fire symbolises rage, danger and conflict. What the director once again does is he stays loyal to the Shakespeare’s original play but once again modernises for example, the original play was set in Verona while Baz Luhzmans â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is set in U. S. A Verona beach. The effect on audience is the scene is set in L. A to attract a young audience so that they can associate to the familiar setting. The language used in the film helps create a successful opening, in the Shakespeare’s original play he used a narrator to read out the prologue, the prologue is basically a summery of the play, there is few key words in the prologue which are the following † New mutiny†, â€Å"Take their lives†, â€Å"Star crossed lovers†, â€Å"Ancient grudge†, â€Å"Fair Verona†, the director uses this key words from the Shakespeare’s originals plays prologue and uses this words as headlines, and he also uses this key words as captions in several different scene for example the starting scene at the news cast the headline is â€Å"Star crossed lovers†, The effect this had on audience was it attract the audience attention to important aspects of the play. And I believe what the director was trying to do was to reinforce the spoken prologue in the captions he used instead of reciting it as Shakespeare’s did once again he modernized a scene in Shakespeare’s original play but still stays faithful to it. There was a scene in a petrol station, in the petrol station there was a sign which was â€Å"Phoenix, add more fuel to your fire†, the language used here draws our attention further to the families conflict because we associate this words with anger and rage, because the first word Phoenix is associated with fire and hell. What the director does through out the film is he basically gives us the audience clues on what’s going to happen next.

Hotel Performance Evaluation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1293 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? RESEARCH NOTES AND REPORTS This Department publishes research notes, conference reports, reports on the work of public agencies and associations, ? eld (industry) reports, and other relevant topics and timely issues. Contributions to this department are submitted to its two Associate Editors: Research Notes to Juergen Gnoth (Department of Marketing, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Email ) and Conference Reports to Russell Smith (Hospitality and Tourism, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Rep. of Singapore. Email ). Unsolicited conference and agency reports will not be accepted. RESEARCH NOTES www. elsevier. com/locate/atoures Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 712–715, 2004 # 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Printed in Great Britain 0160-7383/$30. 00 A DEA Evaluation of Taipei Hotels Wan-Erh Chiang Ming-Hone Tsai Li Shau-Mei Wang National Central University, Taiwan It is always a major concern for top management to measure ef? ciency. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an excellent tool for assessing the relative ef? ciency of decision-making units. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hotel Performance Evaluation" essay for you Create order This research is aimed at measuring hotel performance by DEA under three operational styles of International Tourist Hotels (ITHs) commonly seen in Taiwan since 2000: Independently owned and operated, franchise licensed, and managed by international hotel operators. The results are expected to provide hoteliers with a basis for constructing strategies and promotion plans. With carefully selected indicators (input/output variables), DEA is able to locate and diagnose inef? ciencies, and to provide information for improvements. Several in-depth interviews were conducted with top managers of some Taipei ITHs for critical indicators. Therefore, this study explored the operational ef? ciency of ITHs not only from a theoretical standpoint but also according to ideas and practical experiences of hoteliers. The data were obtained from the Annual Operation Report of the ITHs 2000, published by the Tourism Bureau of Taiwan. On the basis of market segmentation and geographical location variation 712 RESEARCH NOTES AND REPORTS 713 Table 1. Estimated Overall, Pure Technical, and Scale Ef? ciency Scores DMU Overall Ef? ciency Pure Technical Ef? ciency Scale Ef? ciency A. Franchise Licensed Hotel 16 0. 878 Hotel 18 1 Hotel 21 1 B. Internationally Managed Hotel 6 1 Hotel 11 1 Hotel 12 0. 978 Hotel 15 0. 730 Hotel 25 1 C. Independently Hotel 1 Hotel 2 Hotel 3 Hotel 4 Hotel 5 Hotel 7 Hotel 8 Hotel 9 Hotel 10 Hotel 13 Hotel 14 Hotel 17 Hotel 19 Hotel 20 Hotel 22 Hotel 23 Hotel 24 0. 885 1 1 1 1 0. 984 0. 838 1 0. 992 1 1 1 1 0. 994 0. 872 1 0. 989 1 1 1 1 0. 885 1 0. 986 1 1 0. 985 0. 943 1 0. 887 0. 996 1 0. 942 Owned and Operated 0. 877 0. 886 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0. 677 0. 765 1 1 0. 716 0. 726 1 1 1 1 0. 727 0. 738 0. 65 0. 69 1 1 0. 887 1 0. 711 0. 714 1 1 0. 942 1 (Ismail, Dalbor and Mills 2002), 25 four or ? e star hotels in Taipei were selected for evaluation. The four input variables chosen by the hoteliers were hotel rooms, food and beverage (FB) capacity (area in pings, the total space utilized by all such outlets in a hotel), number of employees, and total cost of the hotel (including employee salaries, FB costs, room costs, utilities, advertising, operational cost, maintenance fees, taxes, and miscellaneou s costs). The three output variables were yielding index, FB revenue (the total generated from such businesses), and miscellaneous revenue (the total excluding the room and FB revenues). The RevPar (revenue per available room) is the most universally accepted measure for overall hotel operating performance (Enz and Canina 2002). Yielding index (personal communication with R. Hanks in 1998, Cornell School of Hotel Administration) is used speci? cally to examine room performance (yielding index = RevPar of individual hotel/Market RevPar). If the yielding index for an individual hotel is greater than one, it means that its performance is better than market average. While the index has received much attention from hoteliers, it 714 RESEARCH NOTES AND REPORTS as been neglected in the literature. This study is the ? rst to adopt it for research. To ? nd the DEA results, a specialized computer package—DEAP 2. 1 was used to handle the data. The BCC model (named afer those who proposed it; Bank, Charnes and Cooper) is employed to evaluate the overall ef? ciency, the pure technical ef? ciency, and the scale ef? ciency (Overall ef? ciency = Technical ef? ciency A Scale e f? ciency; Banker, Charnes and Cooper 1984). Table 1 groups the DEA results by hotel operational styles. Of the 25 properties, 14 have an overall ef? ciency score of 1. , which is relatively ef? cient. Of the franchised hotels (Table 1. A), two are DEA ef? cient, while one is relatively inef? cient. The overall ef? ciency score of Hotel 16 is 0. 878, which means it has only attained about 88% ef? ciency. This is a result of the lower pure technical ef? ciency score. Of the ? ve internationally managed hotels (Table 1. B), numbers 12 and 15 are inef? cient, with an overall ef? ciency score of 0. 978 and 0. 73, respectively. The overall inef? ciency is mostly due to technical inef? ciency. Among the 17 independent hotels (Table 1. C), 1, 9, 10, 13, 19, and 23 are members of several domestic chains holding multiple properties, with resources shared among properties. However, hotels 1 and 9 are not ef? cient overall, due to technical inef? ciency. It is also worth mentioning that number 10 signed a management contract with an international hotel operator for the ? rst couple of years. After becoming an independent hotel, it successfully transferred obtained know-how internally. The model by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978) is used to analyze slack. By examining the input/output variables, a number of suggestions can be made (Table 2). For example, hotel 16 as the only inef? cient franchised property could cut the number of hotel rooms by 98. 15, the FB space by 2613. 69 pings (1 ping Table 2. Amounts of Improvement/Slack of Inef? cient Hotels DMU Hotel Rooms FB Capacitya Employees Total Number Costb Yielding FB Misc. Index Revb Revb A. Franchise Licensed Hotel 16 A98. 151 A2613. 686 0 A10. 826 0. 311 0 0 A2. 599 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 129 0 0. 082 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1. 539 0 0 3. 024 0 1. 938 0. 114 0 0. 067 0 0. 079 B. Internationally Managed Hotel 12 A122. 614 A466. 261 A58. 868 Hotel 15 A34. 5 A485. 299 0 C. Independently Owned and Operated Hotel 1 A91. 544 0 0 Hotel 7 A102. 645 A202. 989 A36. 234 Hotel 9 A61. 838 A1430. 368 0 Hotel 14 A24. 175 A74. 17 0 Hotel 17 A44. 84 A209. 873 A41. 936 Hotel 20 A71. 789 A297. 454 0 Hotel 22 A67. 277 A53. 55 A6. 923 Hotel 24 A101. 568 A95. 732 0 a b Area in pings, one ping equals 35. 583 square feet. In millions of US$. RESEARCH NOTES AND REPORTS 715 equals 35. 58 square feet), the total expenditures, by $10. 8 million, to increase the yielding index by 0. 311, as well as other revenues by $1. 5 million and reach overall ef? ciency. As another example, of all hotels, number 12 is advised to cut the highest number of rooms (122. 614; Table 2. B). From the results obtained, it became clear that not all Taipei’s franchised or managed ITHs performed more ef? ciently than the independent ones. As to franchised hotels, number 16 did not perform well, and has encountered management problems in recent years. Keeping or dropping a franchise is always controversial. If managed by a well-known company at the expense of high expenditures, hotels that do not achieve productivity ef? ciency are of great concern. Hotel 12 was the ? st Taiwan property to sign a management contract, but it has not performed well for years. One of the advantages for independent hotels is that they can meet the needs of local customers in time. Some independent hotels focusing on local FB business do have an outstanding performance (such as hotels 2, 4, and 13). By incorporating yielding indices and other indicators, DEA has provided Taiwan ’s hotel operation with insights into resource allocation and competitive advantages. It also helps with strategic decision-making, especially regarding operational styles under intense competition through high hotel density. This research indicates that future studies should include soft, market-oriented variables such as the hotel’s image, customer satisfaction, and service quality, to achieve a more complete DEA analysis. A _ Wan-Erh Chiang: Department of Business Administration, National Central University, Taiwan, Ming Chuan University, Taiwan, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan. Email REFERENCES Banker, R. , A. Charnes, and W. Cooper 2003 Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inef? ciencies in Data Envelopment Analysis. Management Science 30:1078–1092. Charnes, A. , W. Cooper, and E. Rhodes 1999 Measuring the Ef? ciency of Decision Making Units. European Journal of Operational Research 2:429–444. Enz, C. , and L. Canina 2002 Best of Times, The Worst of Times: Differences in Hotel Performance Following 9/11. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 43(5):22–32. Ismail, J. , M. Dalbor, and J. Mills 1991 Using RevPar To Analyze Lodging- Segment Variability. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 43(5):73–80. Submitted 4 April 2003. Resubmitted 4 July 2003. Accepted 10 July 2003. Final version 30 August 2003 doi:10. 1016/j. annals. 2003. 11. 001